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Comparative analysis of Arab Human Development Report, 2002 and 2016

Comparative analysis of Arab Human Development Report, 2002 and 2016

Arab Human Development Report, 2002 has emphasized on the developmental issues with an anchor on domestic development vagaries and vicissitudes. The two main challenges region faces has be reported as
1.       Challenges to the pursuit of freedom from fear
2.       Challenges to the achievement of freedom from want
The problem of modern growth has been attributed to the reasons and spillover effects of foreign occupation of Arab land, such as Israeli occupation of Palestine. It has been opined that occupation freezes growth, prosperity and freedom in the Arab world. Report has given a skeptic view about the war and conflict of the region saying that the latter would devastate the human resources and infrastructure.
Democracy being the best among the worst, has gained a patron. The wave of democracy hasn’t effectively swept the Arab region and thus there can only be seen it’s de jure existence but not de facto.  In order to achieve an effective democracy, nation has to have its rights exclusively provided. Freedom and rights must not be curtailed for the democracy to work. But the report shows that Arab region lacks in providing women equal rights as men in all the sectors. Education has also been on a back foot. Report shows a major mismatch between the output of educational systems and the labor market needs. Arab countries are opined to concentrate less on the quality of the education and thus couldn’t provide an inclusive economic growth.
Unemployment has taken a major share of the developmental issues which is due political neglect. Even though the private industries increased, their capital intensive nature has provided a little employment. Government seems to neglect reforms in political sector when following the reforms in economic sector.
Report encourages the region for greater regional economic cooperation and association agreements. This would make the developing region to manage their fiscal deficits and promote their mutual interest in the wider market.
The curse of poverty haunts the region similar to any other developing countries. Eliminating poverty has been given greater importance for the overall human development. Poverty has been considered one of the major concerns to be addressed to achieve development.
To counter the peace and development challenges, report focused on certain areas:
  • a.       Education policy
  • b.      Value based approach for peace and development
  • c.       Improve the status of women
  • d.      Labor market development according to the market needs
  • e.      Microfinance system enhancement
ADHR 2016:
The focus of the AHDR, 2016 has been a shift from the opportunities to youth participation. It’s major focus was on
  • 1.       Youth unemployment in the Arab region
  • 2.       Youth political participation
  • 3.       Cost of conflicts in the region
2011 uprisings have been attributed to the resentment among the youth for their disempowerment in political, economic and social sectors. Report holds that the 2011 events are the result of public policies undertaken by government for decades.
Some of the reasons which lead to the failure of the public policies are opined to be corruption, widening income disparities, increasing inequality of opportunity, slowing average growth and shrinking job opportunities, nepotism, mismatch of education and skill required in the labour market, weak political participation, Mismanagement of social diversity. 

Comparative analysis:

Even though the first AHDR hasn’t predicted any uprising it has some common concerns when compared to the recent release in 2016. Both concentrated on the unemployment, education. What 2002 report has failed is the amount of resentment youth would feel due to the political neglect.
It has been approximately 15 years from 2002 report being released, but the concerns addressed in the report have not been practically addressed by the state and they still exist in the contemporary time, i.e. 2017. Unemployment was on rise and the job creation was not the priority of the state. Corruption has become rampant which acted as a barricade for the policies to reach the target population. The lack of economic activity and the low tradeoff between the political and economic activity has encouraged youth participate in the political activities. Their inability to take up a formal economic activity has resulted in the latter.
The difference found between the two reports is emphasizing on democracy and historical conflicts such as Israeli occupation of Palestine, women rights.
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